Tooth extractions are among the most commonly carried out dental procedures, and while many people are familiar with simple extractions, not everyone knows what a surgical tooth extraction involves. If your dentist has recommended this treatment, you might be wondering what it means, why it’s needed, and what recovery looks like.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through everything you need to know about surgical tooth extractions, using simple language that explains this more involved procedure clearly and professionally.
So, What Is Surgical Tooth Extraction?
Surgical tooth extraction is a procedure used to remove teeth that cannot be easily accessed or pulled out using basic dental instruments like elevators and dental forceps. Unlike a simple tooth extraction, which is typically done in a single motion, surgical extractions involve cutting into the gum tissue, removing bone, or breaking the tooth into smaller fragments for easier removal.
Surgical tooth extractions are often performed by highly experienced dental professionals.
When Is Surgical Tooth Removal Necessary?
Surgical extractions are usually recommended in situations where a simple extraction won’t be effective or safe. Some common reasons include:
- Impacted teeth: Often seen with wisdom teeth, where the tooth is stuck under the gum line or growing at an angle.
- Severely decayed or broken teeth: If the tooth breaks at or below the gum line, it may need to be surgically removed.
- Teeth with long or curved roots: These can be difficult to extract without cutting into the gum or bone.
- Teeth surrounded by dense bone: Some teeth are anchored more firmly into the jaw bone.
- Infection or gum disease: Advanced periodontal disease can damage the surrounding structures, requiring surgical removal.
What Happens During the Surgical Extraction Procedure?
The process for a surgical dental extraction is more complex than a simple dental extraction, but rest assured, it is typically done under local anaesthetic or intravenous sedation, and your comfort is the top priority.
Here’s what to expect:
1. Preparation and Anaesthesia
Before starting the surgical procedure, your dental professional will go over your medical history and walk you through what to expect. A local anaesthetic will be used to numb the area. In some cases, especially with wisdom tooth extraction, intravenous sedation may be offered for a more comfortable experience.
2. Accessing the Tooth
An incision is made into the gum tissue to expose the tooth root and surrounding connective tissue. In more involved procedures, a small amount of bone removal may be necessary to reach the affected tooth.
3. Tooth Removal
The tooth is gently loosened from the socket. Sometimes, it needs to be divided into smaller sections before it can be removed. Special instruments like dental forceps and elevators are used to perform this carefully.
4. Cleaning the Extraction Site
Once the tooth is out, the extraction site is carefully cleaned to eliminate any debris, bone fragments, or sharp bone edges. If required, stitches may be placed to help the healing process.
Simple or Surgical? Understanding Your Tooth Extraction Options
The main difference between simple and surgical extractions lies in how much effort is needed to remove the tooth.
A simple extraction is used when the tooth is clearly visible in the mouth and easy to access. The procedure usually involves loosening the tooth and gently pulling it out using dental tools. This approach is common for teeth that are healthy enough to grip and not broken below the gum line.
In contrast, a surgical extraction is a more involved procedure. It’s typically required when a tooth is broken, has not fully erupted, or is trapped under the gum. To remove it safely, your dentist may need to make a small cut in the gum and possibly remove a bit of bone around the tooth. In some cases, the tooth may also be divided into sections before being taken out.
While simple extractions are quicker and usually easier to recover from, surgical extractions involve additional steps to guarantee that the tooth is removed safely and thoroughly. Your dentist will let you know which approach is best for your situation.
Healing After a Surgical Tooth Extraction
Healing after a surgical tooth removal takes a bit longer than a simple extraction procedure, but following your dentist’s instructions will support a smooth and speedy recovery.
Immediate Aftercare Tips:
- Bite down gently on gauze to help control bleeding and form a blood clot in the socket.
- Avoid brushing the extraction area for the first 24 hours.
- Stick to soft foods like yoghurt, soups, and mashed vegetables.
- Take prescribed pain medication as directed.
- Avoid smoking or drinking through a straw to prevent blood clots.
- Use an ice pack to minimise swelling during the first 24–48 hours.
What to Watch For:
Mild discomfort and swelling are a normal part of the healing process; contact your dentist if you notice:
- Persistent bleeding
- Fever or signs of infection
- Pain that worsens after a few days
- An unpleasant taste or smell coming from the extraction site
Are There Any Risks with Surgical Tooth Extractions?
Absolutely, like all dental procedures, surgical tooth extractions carry some risks, although complications are not common when the procedure is performed by an experienced dental professional and proper aftercare is followed.
Here are a few potential risks to be aware of:
Dry socket
A dry socket is a common complication that may occur after a surgical extraction. It happens when the blood clot meant to protect the empty tooth socket either fails to develop or becomes dislodged. Without this protective layer, the bone and nerves underneath are exposed, which can cause significant pain and slow down the healing process.
Infection
Any time gum tissue is cut, there’s a small risk of infection. This may show up as increased pain, swelling, pus, or a lingering bad taste in the mouth. It’s important to take any prescribed antibiotics and keep the area clean.
Bleeding
Some bleeding is expected right after the procedure, but it should ease within a few hours. If bleeding continues or becomes heavy, it’s important to contact your dental clinic.
Swelling and bruising
These are common side effects and usually settle within a few days. Using an ice pack during the first 24–48 hours can help reduce swelling.
Nerve sensitivity
Depending on the tooth’s location, particularly with lower wisdom teeth, nearby nerves may become irritated. This can lead to temporary tingling or numbness in the lips, chin, or tongue. In rare cases, this may last longer.
Sinus issues
For upper back teeth located near the sinuses, there’s a small chance of a sinus opening during the extraction. Your dentist will provide instructions if this occurs.
Delayed healing
Smoking, certain health conditions, or poor oral hygiene can slow down the healing process.
While these risks sound concerning, most people recover well when they follow their dentist’s instructions closely. If you experience unusual symptoms or anything that feels out of the ordinary, it’s always best to check in with your dental provider promptly.
How Long Does Recovery Take?
Most people can return to normal activities within a few days, though full healing of the tooth socket can take several weeks. The healing time can vary based on how complex the surgical treatment was and the condition of your overall oral health.
Stitches, if used, may dissolve on their own or need removal at a follow-up appointment.
What Should You Eat After Surgical Tooth Removal?
Your mouth will be sore, so opt for foods that are gentle on the extraction site. Ideal choices include:
- Smoothies (no seeds)
- Mashed potatoes
- Scrambled eggs
- Custard or jelly
- Cooked cereals like porridge
Avoid hot, spicy, crunchy, or chewy foods for at least a few days.
Can Surgical Extractions Help Protect Your Oral Health?
Absolutely. Leaving an impacted tooth, infected root, or broken tooth in place can harm your adjacent teeth, gums, and jaw bones. Surgical extractions help prevent the spread of infection, relieve pain, and create room for orthodontic treatment or prosthetic options like implants or bridges.
The procedure may seem intimidating at first, but it’s often a proactive step toward optimal oral health.
How Much Does Surgical Tooth Extraction Cost?
The cost varies depending on the complexity of the case, your location, and whether you’re covered by private health insurance. In Australia, prices for surgical tooth extractions typically do not include sedation or X-rays.
Speak to your dentist about itemised costs and payment options.
Final Thoughts: A Positive Step for Your Smile
A surgical tooth extraction might sound daunting, but it’s a routine and safe procedure when done by a skilled dental professional. Whether you’re dealing with wisdom teeth, a broken tooth, or gum disease, removing the problem tooth can ease your pain and protect your remaining teeth.
With good aftercare and regular dental check-ups, your mouth can heal beautifully, keeping your smile healthy and strong.
Have more questions about tooth removal or your treatment plan? Book a consultation with Advanced Dental Care Dubbo at (02) 6188 7103 to find the right solution for your needs.
Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.
References
Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. (n.d.). Surgical removal of teeth. Retrieved from https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/resources/surgical-removal-of-teeth/
Ghoshal, M. (2019, December 13). Understanding dental anesthesia: Types, side effects & risks. Healthline. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/dental-and-oral-health/dental-anesthesia
Mayo Clinic Staff. (2023, September 23). Dry socket – Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dry-socket/symptoms-causes/syc-20354376
Australia Wide First Aid. (n.d.). How and when to use a cold pack. Retrieved from https://www.australiawidefirstaid.com.au/resources/how-and-when-to-use-a-cold-pack
